There may be persistent bleeding in the sub-dural space. In babies, a small needle can be inserted through the fontanelle or ‘soft spot’ to draw off the blood. An acute sub-dural haemorrhage will often require surgery as an emergency to remove the blood. They can be caused by the blood vessels in the brain rupturing, bleeding from bruises on the brain or cuts to the brain.īlood collects in the sub-dural space, which is beneath the dura and directly on to the surface of the brain. Haemorrhage (bleeding) following head injuryĪcute sub-dural haemorrhage can happen at the time of the injury or several hours later. These injuries often lead to swelling of the brain, contusions (bruises) or blood clots. Shearing injuries tear the nerve fibres and blood vessels. Contusions can cause parts of the brain to swell, which may make your child irritable, sleepy or sick. Bleeding can occur in and around the tear.Ĭerebral contusions are bruises to the brain, caused when the brain bounces off the inside of the skull. As the inside surface of the skull is rough, the following injuries can occur:Ĭerebral lacerations are tears to the surface of the brain, which sometimes happen after the skull is fractured. The force to the head during injury can make the brain move within the skull. If the scalp is injured and there is an underlying skull fracture that exposes the brain, an operation will usually be needed to clean the wound and repair the damaged skin and bone. However, a depressed skull fracture, where part of the skull bone has been pushed inwards, may require surgery to lift the bone and prevent it pressing against the brain. These may be uncomplicated, in which case they can heal without surgical treatment. Transition to adolescent and adult services
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